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ResearchIn-Press PreviewGastroenterology Open Access | 10.1172/JCI174726
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
3Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, United States of America
4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States of America
5Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Phialdelphia, United States of America
6Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
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Published March 21, 2024 - More info
Bacterial translocation from the gut microbiota is a source of sepsis in susceptible patients. Previous work suggests that overgrowth of gut pathobionts, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, increases the risk of disseminated infection. Our data from a human dietary intervention study found that in the absence of fiber, K. pneumoniae bloomed during microbiota recovery from antibiotic treatment. We thus hypothesized that dietary nutrients directly support or suppress colonization of this gut pathobiont in the microbiota. Consistent with our human subject study, complex carbohydrates in dietary fiber suppressed colonization of K. pneumoniae and allowed for recovery of competing commensals in mouse modeling. In contrast, through ex-vivo and in vivo modeling, we identify simple carbohydrates as a limiting resource for K. pneumoniae in the gut. As proof of principle, supplementation with lactulose, a non-absorbed simple carbohydrate and an FDA approved therapy, increased colonization of K. pneumoniae. Disruption of the intestinal epithelium led to dissemination of K. pneumoniae into the bloodstream and liver, which was prevented by dietary fiber. Our results show that dietary simple and complex carbohydrates are critical not only in the regulation of pathobiont colonization but also disseminated infection, suggesting that targeted dietary interventions may offer a preventative strategy in high-risk patients.