This study was designed to explore the possibility that caloric restriction (CR) may benefit Alzheimer's disease (AD) by preventing β‐amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology pivotal to the initiation and progression of the disease. We report that a CR dietary regimen prevents Aβ peptides generation and neuritic plaque deposition in the brain of a mouse model of AD neuropathology through mechanisms associated with promotion of anti‐amyloidogenic α‐secretase activity. Study findings support existing epidemiological evidence indicating that caloric intake may influence risk for AD and raises the possibility that CR may be used in preventative measures aimed at delaying the onset of AD amyloid neuropathology.