CpG DNA inhibits CD4+ CD25+ Treg suppression through direct MyD88-dependent costimulation of effector CD4+ T cells

DF LaRosa, AE Gelman, AH Rahman, J Zhang… - Immunology letters, 2007 - Elsevier
Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are notable for their ability to induce APC maturation, which
in turn facilitates optimal T cell mediated immune responses. Toll-like receptor ligands, such
as CpG DNA, can also modulate immune responses by blocking the suppressive effects of
CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recently, we have demonstrated that CpG DNA, in
addition to its actions on APCs and Tregs, can provide direct costimulatory signals to CD4+
CD25− T cells. Here we show that this costimulatory effect is sufficient to abrogate …