Matrikines dictate the amplitude of inflammation in smoke-related Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection
Sarah W. Robison, Jindong Li, Kristopher R. Genschmer, Liliana Viera, Jeremy B. Foote, Landon Wilson, W. Edward Swords, J. Edwin Blalock, Amit Gaggar, Xin Xu
Sarah W. Robison, Jindong Li, Kristopher R. Genschmer, Liliana Viera, Jeremy B. Foote, Landon Wilson, W. Edward Swords, J. Edwin Blalock, Amit Gaggar, Xin Xu
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Research Letter Inflammation Pulmonology

Matrikines dictate the amplitude of inflammation in smoke-related Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection

Abstract

Authors

Sarah W. Robison, Jindong Li, Kristopher R. Genschmer, Liliana Viera, Jeremy B. Foote, Landon Wilson, W. Edward Swords, J. Edwin Blalock, Amit Gaggar, Xin Xu

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Figure 1

Matrikine PGP is involved in S. pneumoniae and cigarette smoke–induced respiratory inflammation.

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Matrikine PGP is involved in S. pneumoniae and cigarette smoke–induced r...
(A and B) Bone marrow–derived neutrophils from C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with cigarette smoke (CS) extract (CSE, 0.1%) and 2 × 104 CPU/ml S. pneumoniae (SP) (EF3030, a serotype 19F). PE activity and MMP-9 ELISA assay were performed on the supernatants after stimulation for different times as indicated: (A) PE (30 minutes); (B) MMP-9 (1 hour). *P < 0.001 vs. No CSE+SP; #P < 0.05 vs. CSE+No SP (2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post test). (C–I) Mice were exposed to CS for 2 weeks, and 2 × 106 CPU SP was administered intranasally 2 days before sample collection. (C) Bacteria count in the lung (*P < 0.05 vs. Air+SP, Mann-Whitney test). (D) Nasal wash cell count. (E) MPO in the lung lysate and (F) IgM in the BAL, as determined by ELISA. (G) PE activity in the lung lysate. (H) MMP-9 in the lung lysate. (I) PGP in the lung lysate as determined by electrospray ionization–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC/MS/MS). #P < 0.05 vs. Air+PBS. *P < 0.05 vs. Air+SP (1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post test). (J–O) PGP-specific peptide inhibitor RTR was administered to mice intratracheally and intranasally 5 days a week over 2 weeks before they were exposed to CS. Samples were collected 48 hours after intranasal SP challenge. (J) Nasal wash neutrophils. (K) BAL MPO. (L) Lung lysate MPO. (M) Nasal wash MPO. (N) Lung lysate MMP-9. (O) Nasal wash MMP-9. #P < 0.05 vs. Smoke+SP (Mann-Whitney test). All values represent mean ± SD. (P) Schema of proposed mechanism [BioRender. Xu, X. (2026) https://BioRender.com/qdish2c].